ABSTRACT
The present study examines the effect of noise which is a type of stress on the different layers of the adrenal gland. Sixteen adult white rats; both males and females weighting 200-250 gm were used. The animals were divided into two groups eight rats each, the first group was used as a control, the second group was exposed to sound six hours daily for ten days. Then the animals were killed and the suprarenal glands were extracted. Samples of about 1 cm thickness were taken from the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The samples were prepared for electron microscope study. It was found that the noise induced significant changes in the cortex in the form of degenerative changes of some cells in zona glomerulosa. Also the zona fasiculata showed dilatation of the cristea of the mitochondria also the zona reticularis showed some dilatation of crestea of mitochondria and degeneration of some cells but the most significant changes after noise exposure were present in the medulla where the catecholamine granules were markedly decreased after releasing from the medulla, also it showed vacuolation in the cytoplasm and degenerated of its mitochondria The aim of this study was to know the effect of noise on the ultrastructural of the adrenal gland
ABSTRACT
Ethanol is one of the most common materials used. It is widely used either in drugs or as a drink. In this study fourteen white adult rats were used, they divided into two groups. The first group was used as a control and consisted of four rats, the second group consisted of ten rats and given ethanol orally for one month. Ethanol caused damage to the Purkinje cell of the cerebellum either to the cells or to its fibers. Ethanol caused dilatation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. And vacuolation in the cytoplasm of the Purkinje cell. The myelin sheath showed degeneration. Also there were dilatation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the dendrites. Vacuoles appeared in dendrites and in the axons
ABSTRACT
Smoking is one of the most harmful habits facing the community. Smoking causes major health problems especially in pregnant women because it is one of the causes of premature labour and low birth weight. The hazards of smoking either to the fetus or to the placenta are due to its effect on the blood vessels of the placenta. Under electron microscope the placenta of the smoking women showed vaccuolation and thick basement membrane of the trophoblast, increase in synthetical knob and also decrease in the number of microvilli of the synthetiotrophoblast. The aim of this study was to prove that smoking during pregnancy has an adverse effect on the placenta and baby and to advice pregnant women to avoid smoking during pregnancy whether active or passive
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta/pathology , Placenta/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , HumansABSTRACT
One of the major health problems is the wide incidence of cancerous diseases as a result of air, water and food pollution. Endoxan is a widely used anti-cancer immunosuppressive drug that affects' fertility in men. The aim of the present work was to study the side effects of endoxan on the testis. Ten adult white male rats were divided into two groups, the first group [consisted of 4 rats] was given normal saline and used as controls. The second group [consisted of 6 rats] was treated with 100mg/kg/day endoxan intraperitoneally for one week. The rats were sacrificed and prepared for electron microscopic examination. The treated testis showed irregular basement membrane either in thickness or in its outline. The cytoplasm of Sertoli cells showed lysosomes and vacuoles. The spermatogenic cells revealed vacuoles in its cytoplasm. Its mitochondria became swollen and lost their cristae and were arranged peripherally near the cytoplasmic membrane. Degeneration of chromatin was detected. The spermatid revealed abnormalities in the fonn of irregular acrosomal vesicles, appearance of vacuoles in its head, in addition to the presence of abnormal heads